For advanced users, note that tags and the karate.env environment-switch can be linked using the special environment tags. Until now, I have shown you run your test cases directly on feature files. Karate tool provides you with the step definitions. Note that regex escaping has to be done with a double back-slash - for e.g: '#regex a\\.dot' will match 'a.dot'. 1. There may be cases where you want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to read. """, * def timeLong = call dateStringToLong '2016-12-24T03, # import yaml (will be converted to json), # if the js file evaluates to a function, it can be re-used later using the 'call' keyword (or invoked just like normal js), # the following short-cut is also allowed, # perfect for all those common authentication or 'set up' flows, And request karate.readAsString('classpath, # use only 'ssim' (structural similarity) engine, # always use both 'resemble' and 'ssim' engines but only evaluate the lowest mismatch percentage against our `failureThreshold`, # prefer 'resemble' and fallback to 'ssim' engine only if the resemble mismatch percentage is >= `failureThreshold`, # only consider the comparison as failed when 2% or more pixels are different from the baseline, * configure imageComparison = { failureThreshold, # consider image comparisons that fail due to too many mismatched pixels as passed (especially useful when you are first starting without any baseline images), * configure imageComparison = { mismatchShouldPass, # custom JS function called in Karate HTML image comparison UI when the user clicks the `Rebase` button, """ It validates the entire payload in one step and checks if the kittens array contains all the expected items but in any order. Though not really recommended, you can have multiple Scenario-s within a Feature tagged with @setup. They should be at the end of the karate.options. deleted: false What are the most important features of karate? a named JsonPath or XPath expression - e.g. 12341234 """, # note the 'text' keyword instead of 'def', """ 3) Go to TestRunner.java file created in the step above and run it as JUnit Test. You can see what the result looks like here. This will give you the usual HTML report showing what features will be run, including all steps shown (including comments) so that it can be reviewed. You should be able to right-click and run a single method using your IDE - which should be sufficient when you are in development mode. Enable HTTPS calls without needing to configure a trusted certificate or key-store. Billie,LOL Ideally you should return only pure JSON data (or a primitive string, number etc.). } Here is an example: Any Karate variable will be available to the template, which is users.html in this example. A few points to note: Note that only variables and configuration settings will be passed. But this totally makes sense for things not part of the main test flow and which typically need to be re-usable anyway. Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. countryName: '#string', Do note that if you prefer a pure Java API - Karate has that covered, and with far more capabilities. You can use print to log variables to the console in the middle of a script. Can Martian regolith be easily melted with microwaves? And if you do this within a Background: section, it would apply to all Scenario: sections within the *.feature file. This report is useful for troubleshooting and debugging a test because all requests and responses are shown in-line with the steps, along with error messages and the output of print statements. Here is an . if the name is "first": And if you use IntelliJ - you can right click and do the above. The Background is optional. Since this is a frequently asked question, the different ways of being able to re-use code (or data) are summarized below. To test a specific feature in karate I run: mvn test -Dkarate.options="classpath:myfeature.feature". So how can you get this value injected into the Karate configuration ? Note that more builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir() etc. 2 EXPR in the table above is an interesting one. These are built-in variables, there are only a few and all of them give you access to the HTTP response. See this for an example. karate.appendTo(keys, x); Each functionality of the software must have a separate feature file. More examples of Java interop and how to invoke custom code can be found in the section on Calling Java. The following parameters are supported: For end-to-end examples in the Karate demos, look at the files in this folder. Here is an example: testCompile 'com.intuit.karate:karate-junit5:1.3.1', systemProperty "karate.options", System.properties.getProperty("karate.options"), systemProperty "karate.env", System.properties.getProperty("karate.env"), "ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter", // don't waste time waiting for a connection or if servers don't respond within 5 seconds, # steps here are executed before each Scenario in this file, # variables defined here will be 'global' to all scenarios, # and will be re-initialized before every scenario, # assigning a number (you can use '*' instead of Given / When / Then). Ex- headers. Sending a file as the entire binary request body is easy (note that multipart is different): The HTTP verb - get, post, put, delete, patch, options, head, connect, trace. In fact Gherkin supports the catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to use Given, When or Then. The first four below are best explained in this example file: type-conv.feature. Here is an example of using a CSV file as the request-body: Karate provides a flexible way to compare two images to determine if they are the same or similar. Karate provides a far more simpler and more powerful way than JSON-schema to validate the structure of a given payload. The Maven tradition is to have non-Java source files in a separate src/test/resources folder structure - but we recommend that you keep them side-by-side with your *.java files. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); Is there a way to run a single scenario defined into a feature? Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. For JSON, you can also use the JS delete operator via eval, useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. var jd = new JavaDemo(); # and yes, you can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays ! Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. For example, here below is an actual report generated by the cucumber-reporting open-source library. Note that url and request are not allowed as variable names. Re-use can sometimes result in negative benefits - especially when applied to test-automation. So you could have also done something like: Also refer to the configure keyword on how to switch on pretty-printing of all HTTP requests and responses. note that this cannot be dynamic (with in-line variables) so. Why did Ukraine abstain from the UNHRC vote on China? But you can easily achieve any complex logic by using the JS API. Here is how you can pass data from one feature file another. The main island is separated from Peninsular Malaysia to the north by Johor Strait, a narrow channel crossed by a . The above code reads a template which is in location com/example/templates/idm/idm-create-user-template.json and stores it as a JSON variable called myReq Then we can send the JSON variable to the other feature file using the call method. First the JavaScript file, basic-auth.js: And heres how it works in a test-script using the header keyword. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. Heres how it works for XML: This comes in useful in some cases - and avoids needing to use the set keyword or JavaScript functions to manipulate JSON. And each element of the returned array will be the envelope of variables that resulted from each iteration where the *.feature got invoked. The recommended approach for Karate reporting in a Continuous Integration set-up is described in the next section which can generate the JUnit XML format that most CI tools can consume. for advanced users - scripts can introspect the tags that apply to the current scope, refer to this example: for even more advanced users - Karate natively supports tags in a, when you want to get the absolute OS path to the argument which could even have a prefix such as, converts a JSON string or map-like object into a Java object, given the Java class name as the second argument, refer to this, converts a JSON array (of objects) or a list-like object into a CSV string, writing this to a file is your responsibility or you could use, rarely used, when you need to pass a JS function to custom Java code, typically for, for advanced conditional logic when object types are dynamic and not known in advance, see, returns only the values of a map-like object (or itself if a list-like object), will wait until the URL is ready to accept HTTP connections, will wait until the host:port is ready to accept socket connections, the current iteration index (starts from 0) if being called in a loop, will be, Java knowledge is not required and even non-programmers can write tests, Scripts are plain-text, require no compilation step or IDE, and teams can collaborate using Git / standard SCM, Based on the popular Cucumber / Gherkin standard - with, Eliminate the need for Java Beans or helper code to represent payloads and HTTP end-points, and, Ideal for testing the highly dynamic responses from, Tests are super-readable - as scenario data can be expressed in-line, in human-friendly, Express expected results as readable, well-formed JSON or XML, and, Embedded JavaScript engine that allows you to build a library of, Re-use of payload-data and user-defined functions across tests is, Standard Java / Maven project structure, and, Reports include HTTP request and response, Easily invoke JDK classes, Java libraries, or re-use custom Java code if needed, for. Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); You can set this up for all subsequent requests or dynamically generate headers for each HTTP request if you configure headers. Add an automation story in BDD syntax. Because of the last rule above, note that string-concatenation may not work quite the way you expect: Observe how you can achieve string concatenation if you really want, because any valid JavaScript expression can be stuffed within an embedded expression. One nice thing about the design of the Gherkin syntax is that script-steps are treated the same no matter whether they start with the keyword Given, And, When or Then. For a detailed discussion on BDD and how Karate relates to Cucumber, please refer to this blog-post: Yes, Karate is not true BDD. In real-life scripts, you would typically also use this capability of Karate to configure headers where the specified JavaScript function uses the variables that result from a sign in to manipulate headers for all subsequent HTTP requests. To check whether particular field in response is present and not null using match !null To assert response by ignoring value of particular field So, first lets understand what is response in Karate. Note that if you tag Examples like this, and if a tag selector is used when running a given Feature - only the Examples that match the tag selector will be executed. Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). They can be very useful in some situations. It begins with the Feature keyword, followed by the . Do note that when passing JSON, the default Map and List representations should suffice for most needs (see example), and using them would avoid un-necessary string-conversion. In the first feature file creating a Git Repo. You can easily select (double-click), copy and paste this file: URL into your browser address bar. For example: For Gradle, you must extend the test task to allow the karate.options to be passed to the runtime (otherwise they get consumed by Gradle itself). To create a feature file, right click on the Project explorer, choose New >> File. Syntax highlighting should work right away and if you don't see something similar like in the following screenshot, make sure you have selected karate as . Here is an example which also demonstrates how you could assert for expected values in the response XML. Easy to create a framework. For advanced users, Karate supports being able to query for tags within a test, and even tags in a @name=value form. Match failure messages are much more descriptive and useful, and you get the power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching. Scenario: creating a repo and verifying the response * path '/user/repos' #Change the repo_name . Also take a look at how a special case of embedded-expressions can remove key-value pairs from a JSON (or XML) payload: Remove if Null. Note that the Content-Type header will be automatically set to: application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Provides supports for the Data Driver Testing that is built in-house, hence no need to depend on external frameworks. The built-in retry until syntax should suffice for most needs, but if you have some specific needs, this demo example (using JavaScript) should get you up and running: polling.feature. After you define the URL, you need to define a path to send a request. This enables more concise tests, and the file can be re-usable in multiple, data-driven tests. See karate.callSingle(). Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. All the fuzzy matching markers will work in XML as well. Here we want to call a file only if a condition is satisfied: Or if we dont care about the result, we can eval an if statement: And this may give you more ideas. Cucumber has a limitation where Background steps are re-run for every Scenario. Create Karate API Test Script( Feature File ) - TestingDocs.com GET Method: Step 1: Create a feature file under src/test/java folder. You can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using multipart files. Given this custom, user-defined Java class: This is how it can be called from a test-script via JavaScript, and yes, even static methods can be invoked: Note that JSON gets auto-converted to Map (or List) when making the cross-over to Java. If you dont want to use Java, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release. But since some-reusable.feature is above AnimalsTest.java in the folder hierarchy, it will not be picked-up. If you mix Karate into a Maven or Gradle project with many other dependendies, you may run into problems because of dependency conflicts. the NOT operator e.g. In fact it may be a good idea to slip doubles instead of integers into some of your tests ! Assuming the above code is in a file called my-headers.js, the next section on calling other feature files shows how it looks like in action at the beginning of a test script. Now if we want to validate the response as whole json, create a file named as "EResult.json" under "Karate.api.data" package (Create a separate package where all the data files will reside). What is even more interesting is that expressions can refer to variables: And functions work as well ! That said, if you really need to implement conditional checks, this can be one pattern: And this is another, using karate.call(). And since you can easily extend Karate using JavaScript, there is no need to compile Java code any more. Note that you would typically want to use the @ignore tag for such cases. Difficulties with estimation of epsilon-delta limit proof. right: 1496 But there are cases where you need to take custom actions like saving a response to a file, file reading or writing, etc. JSON arrays), see, convenient for the common case of transforming an array of primitives into an array of objects, see, useful to merge the key-values of two (or more) JSON (or map-like) objects, see. Note that forcing Scenario-s to run in a particular sequence is an anti-pattern, and should be avoided as far as possible. Refer to the cats-java.feature demo for an example. I tryed the, @LorenzoNardi no other than just use a tag. """, //DEPS com.intuit.karate:karate-core:RELEASE:all, "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users", * def expected = __num == 0 ? Note that the parallel runner will run Scenario-s in parallel, which means they can run in any order. Theres a lot going on in the last line above ! The function has to return a JSON object. Just write tests in a simple, readable syntax - carefully designed for HTTP, JSON, GraphQL and XML. REST API request testing. And you can even handle asynchronous flows such as listening to message-queues. But normally a match statement is preferred unless you want a really descriptive error message. sorts the list using the provided custom function called for each item in the list (and the optional second argument is the item index) e.g. We can define each scenario with a useful tag. if an API needs to be called to get a JSON array, you can call a separate Scenario to set up this data. You can feed an Examples table from a custom data-source, which is great for those situations where the table-content is dynamically resolved at run-time. #karate #junit5This video explain how you can call one scenario from another scenario from the same features files as well as from another feature file request can have the 'Authorization' header set in a way that the server expects. """, # very useful for validating a response against a schema "super-set", * match karate.filterKeys(response, 'b', 'c') == { c, * match karate.filterKeys(response, ['a', 'b']) == { a, # generate a range of numbers as a json array, """ or anything wrapped in parentheses which will be evaluated as JavaScript - e.g. Getting Started With Karate Test Framework for API - Software That Matters { name: John The name of the class doesn't matter, and it will automatically run any *. Heres thearticle. Windows: Ctrl+R+A. Now, run the TestRunner and observe that you would not find all the verbose logs in console which you were getting before and rather it would be saved in a file karate.log under target folder . Karate IDE. This is easily achieved with the karate.repeat() API: And theres also karate.range() which can be useful to generate test-data. That said, if you want to stick to JavaScript, but find yourself accumulating a lot of helper functions that you need to use in multiple feature files, the following pattern is recommended. b return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the JSON value, also see: return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the XML value, also see: get the value of any Java system-property by name, useful for, returns a JSON array of integers (inclusive), the optional third argument must be a positive integer and defaults to 1, and if start < end the order of values is reversed, very rarely used - when needing to perform conditional removal of JSON keys or XML nodes. As a convenience, cookies from the previous response are collected and passed as-is as part of the next HTTP request. Raw Blame. Especially since strings can be easily coerced to numbers (and vice-versa) in Javascript, you can combine built-in validators with the self-validation predicate form like this: '#number? In some rare cases, for e.g. * url myUrl. Now we are all set for the Parallel execution with 2. features file. The call keyword provides an alternate way of calling JavaScript functions that have only one argument. If needed, this can be changed by using configure - any time during a test, or set globally via karate-config.js. Some XPath expressions return a list of nodes (instead of a single node). 82 lines (69 sloc) 3.06 KB. 'put', # if you have dynamic keys you can do this, # enable ssl (and no certificate is required), # enable ssl and force the algorithm to TLSv1.2, # time-out if the response is not received within 10 seconds (after the connection is established), # set the uri of the http proxy server to use, https://user:password@zalenium.net/wd/hub, # if this was in karate-config.js, it would apply "globally", # enable X509 certificate authentication with PKCS12 file 'certstore.pfx' and password 'certpassword', # trust all server certificates, in the feature file, // trust all server certificates, global configuration in 'karate-config.js', # add new keys.
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